Neerav Goyal, MD, MPH - Penn State Cancer Institute
Researcher Profile
Neerav Goyal, MD, MPH
Professor and Vice Chair for Quality and Safety, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Professor, Department of Neurosurgery
Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences
Associate Professor and Vice Chair for Quality and Safety, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Chief, Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery
Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery
Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery
Professor, Department of Neurosurgery
Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences
Associate Professor and Vice Chair for Quality and Safety, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
Chief, Division of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery
Associate Professor, Department of Surgery
Associate Professor, Department of Neurosurgery
Associate Professor, Department of Public Health Sciences
Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery
Scientific Program:Cancer Control
Disease Teams:
Cancer Institute, Head and Neck Cancer Team
Cancer Institute, Melanoma and Skin Cancer Team
Cancer Institute, Melanoma and Skin Cancer Team
Clinical Trials
Exploring Factors Associated with Understanding Among Head and Neck Surgery Patients
Dysgeusia and Anosmia in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Long Term Outcomes
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of AAV2-hAQP1 Gene Therapy in Participants with Radiation-Induced Late Xerostomia (RIX)
Recent Publications
2024
Lane, C & Goyal, N 2024, 'Commentary on “Advancing tracheoesophageal fistula repair techniques: Suggestions for future research”', American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, vol. 45, no. 2, 104151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104151
Eberly, HW, Sciscent, BY, Lorenz, FJ, Rettig, EM & Goyal, N 2024, 'Current and Emerging Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Biomarkers in Head and Neck Cancer', Biomedicines, vol. 12, no. 2, 415. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020415
Eberly, HW, Sciscent, BY, Jeffrey Lorenz, F, Truong, N, King, TS, Goldenberg, D & Goyal, N 2024, 'Evaluation of Hypocalcemia Following Total Laryngectomy With and Without Thyroidectomy', Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States), vol. 171, no. 3, pp. 685-692. https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.804
Hearn, M, Sciscent, BY, King, TS & Goyal, N 2024, 'Factors Associated With Inadequate Health Literacy: An Academic Otolaryngology Clinic Population Study', OTO Open, vol. 8, no. 2, e130. https://doi.org/10.1002/oto2.130
Meci, A, Goyal, N & Slonimsky, G 2024, 'Mechanisms of Resistance and Therapeutic Perspectives in Immunotherapy for Advanced Head and Neck Cancers', Cancers, vol. 16, no. 4, 703. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16040703
Alden, NA, Yeingst, TJ, Pfeiffer, HM, Celik, N, Arrizabalaga, JH, Helton, AM, Liu, Y, Stairs, DB, Glick, AB, Goyal, N & Hayes, DJ 2024, 'Near-Infrared Induced miR-34a Delivery from Nanoparticles in Esophageal Cancer Treatment', Advanced Healthcare Materials, vol. 13, no. 10, 2303593. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202303593
Sciscent, BY, Eberly, HW, Lorenz, FJ, Truong, N, Goldenberg, D & Goyal, N 2024, 'Preoperative Serum Albumin as Predictor of Outcomes After Thyroidectomy', OTO Open, vol. 8, no. 1, e114. https://doi.org/10.1002/oto2.114
Sciscent, BY, Eberly, HW, Bhele, S & Goyal, N 2024, 'Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma With Eosinophilia: A Diagnostic Challenge', OTO Open, vol. 8, no. 3, e176. https://doi.org/10.1002/oto2.176
Lane, C, Wright, M, Linton, J & Goyal, N 2024, 'Surgical closure of enlarged tracheoesophageal fistula after laryngectomy: A systematic review of techniques', American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, vol. 45, no. 1, 104023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.104023
Sim, N, Lee, H, Goyal, N & Cramer, JD 2024, 'Surgical site antiseptic preparations for otolaryngology – Head and neck surgery: A current review', American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, vol. 45, no. 4, 104280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2024.104280
Sciscent, BY, Eberly, HW, Goyal, N & Goldenberg, D 2024, 'Thyroid Cancer With Cutaneous Metastases', Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613241239533
Rothka, AJ, Lorenz, FJ, Hearn, M, Meci, A, LaBarge, B, Walen, S, Slonimsky, G, McGinn, J, Chung, T & Goyal, N 2024, 'Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to Increase the Readability of Patient Education Materials in Pediatric Otolaryngology', Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613241289647
2023
Patel, A, LaBarge, B, King, T, Pradhan, S, Warrick, J & Goyal, N 2023, 'Defining the clinical characteristics of mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary gland: Analysis of the National Cancer Database', SAGE Open Medicine, vol. 11. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121231200103
Yingst, JM, Carrillo, M, Chan, KH, Choi, K, Dao, J, Kulkarni, P, Bordner, C, Goyal, N, Foulds, J & Bascom, R 2023, 'Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among persons with cancer: A systematic review', Psycho-Oncology, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 1147-1162. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.6171
Truong, N, Sciscent, B, Lorenz, FJ, Goldrich, D & Goyal, N 2023, 'Erratum to: Risk of diabetes in patients with sleep apnea: comparison of surgery versus CPAP in a long-term follow-up study (Journal of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, (2023), 52, 1, (16), 10.1186/s40463-022-00616-3)', Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40463-023-00662-5
Eberly, HW, Sciscent, BY, Jeffrey Lorenz, F, Goyal, N & Goldenberg, D 2024, 'History of Bariatric Surgery Before Thyroid Surgery: Recommendations for Prevention and Management of Postoperative Hypocalcemia', Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States), vol. 170, no. 3, pp. 989-991. https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.604
Chan, K, Keane, A, Pradhan, S, King, T, Moroco, A, Goyal, N & Choi, K 2024, 'Postoperative Urinary Complications in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstructive Surgery', Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 284-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/00034894231208256
Lorenz, FJ, King, TS, Engle, L, Beauchamp-Perez, F & Goyal, N 2023, 'Predictors of Quality of Life for Head and Neck Cancer Patients at an Academic Institution', OTO Open, vol. 7, no. 4, e82. https://doi.org/10.1002/oto2.82
Lane, C, Higgins, RC & Goyal, N 2023, 'Psychological Survivorship in Head and Neck Cancer', Seminars in Plastic Surgery, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1759798
Lane, C, Lin, A & Goyal, N 2023, 'Scalp and Calvarium Reconstruction', Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 741-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otc.2023.04.003
N95 Taskforce 2023, 'The need for systematic quality controls in implementing N95 reprocessing and sterilization', Journal of Hospital Infection, vol. 133, pp. 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2022.11.023
Rosi-Schumacher, M, Patel, S, Phan, C & Goyal, N 2023, 'Understanding Financial Toxicity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review', Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology, vol. 17. https://doi.org/10.1177/11795549221147730
Lorenz, FJ, Mahase, SS, Miccio, J, King, TS, Pradhan, S & Goyal, N 2023, 'Update on adherence to guidelines for time to initiation of postoperative radiation for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', Head and Neck, vol. 45, no. 7, pp. 1676-1691. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.27380
2022
Daher, GS, Choi, KY, Wells, JW & Goyal, N 2022, 'A Systematic Review of Oral Nutritional Supplement and Wound Healing', Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, vol. 131, no. 12, pp. 1358-1368. https://doi.org/10.1177/00034894211069437
Higgins, RC, Hennessy, M, Aynardi, JT, Goldenberg, D & Goyal, N 2022, 'An invasive tracheal paraganglioma: A rare cause of a thyroid mass', Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613221112347
Lorenz, FJ, Beauchamp-Perez, F, Manni, A, Chung, T, Goldenberg, D & Goyal, N 2022, 'Analysis of Time to Diagnosis and Outcomes among Adults with Primary Hyperparathyroidism', JAMA network open, vol. 5, no. 12, pp. E2248332. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.48332
Tucker, J, Milici, J, Alam, S, Ferster, APOC, Goldenberg, D, Meyers, C & Goyal, N 2022, 'Assessing nonsexual transmission of the human papillomavirus (HPV): Do our current cleaning methods work?', Journal of Medical Virology, vol. 94, no. 8, pp. 3956-3961. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27769
Goyal, N, Goldenberg, D, Ruszkay, N, Tucker, J, May, J & Wilson, MN 2022, 'Can a flexible surgical robot be used in the pediatric population: A feasibility study', International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, vol. 159, 111206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111206
Tucker, J, Patel, S, Benyo, S, Wilson, MN, Goyal, N & McGinn, J 2022, 'Descriptive Analysis of Otolaryngology Program Directors with a Focus on Gender Disparity', Ear, Nose and Throat Journal. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613221107149
Tucker, J, Hollenbeak, CS & Goyal, N 2022, 'Discharge destination and readmissions among patients with head and neck cancer', Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1407-1429. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.890
Goyal, N, Day, A, Epstein, J, Goodman, J, Graboyes, E, Jalisi, S, Kiess, AP, Ku, JA, Miller, MC, Panwar, A, Patel, VA, Sacco, A, Sandulache, V, Williams, AM, Deschler, D, Farwell, DG, Nathan, CA, Fakhry, C & Agrawal, N 2022, 'Head and neck cancer survivorship consensus statement from the American Head and Neck Society', Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 70-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.702
Benyo, S, Phan, C & Goyal, N 2023, 'Health and Well-Being Needs Among Head and Neck Cancer Caregivers – A Systematic Review', Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, vol. 132, no. 4, pp. 449-459. https://doi.org/10.1177/00034894221088180
Lorenz, FJ & Goyal, N 2023, 'Iatrogenic Pneumothorax During Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulator Implantation: A Large Database Analysis', Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States), vol. 168, no. 4, pp. 876-880. https://doi.org/10.1177/01945998221122696
Heatherington, EB, Zhao, X, Goyal, N, Ounaies, Z & Frecker, M 2022, 'On the Design and Testing of an Origami Inspired Nasal Cover: Mitigating Aerosol Risks During Endoscopic Sinus Procedures', Journal of Medical Devices, Transactions of the ASME, vol. 16, no. 4, 041011. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4055251
Beydoun, AS, Koss, K, Nielsen, T, Holcomb, AJ, Pichardo, P, Purdy, N, Zebolsky, AL, Heaton, CM, Mcmullen, CP, Yesensky, JA, Moore, MG, Goyal, N, Kohan, J, Sajisevi, M, Tan, K, Petrisor, D, Wax, MK, Kejner, AE, Hassan, Z, Trott, S, Larson, A, Richmon, JD, Graboyes, EM, Wood, CB, Jackson, RS, Pipkorn, P, Bruening, J, Massey, B, Puram, SV & Zenga, J 2022, 'Perioperative Topical Antisepsis and Surgical Site Infection in Patients Undergoing Upper Aerodigestive Tract Reconstruction', JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 148, no. 6, pp. 547-554. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2022.0684
Tucker, J, Ruszkay, N, Goyal, N, Gniady, JP & Goldenberg, D 2022, 'Quality tracheotomy care can be maintained for non-COVID patients during the COVID-19 pandemic', Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1337-1342. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.885
Saleh, S, Sullivan, SE, Bellile, E, Roxbury, C, Das, P, Hachem, RA, Ackall, F, Jang, D, Celtikci, E, Sahin, MM, D'Souza, G, Evans, JJ, Nyquist, G, Khalafallah, A, Mukherjee, D, Rowan, NR, Camp, S, Choby, G, Gompel, JJV, Ghiam, MK, Levine, CG, Field, M, Adappa, N, Locke, TB, Rassekh, C, Sweis, AM, Goyal, N, Zacharia, B, Wilson, MN, Patel, S, Gardner, PA, Snyderman, CH, Wang, EW, Glancz, LJ, Bagchi, A, Dow, G, Robertson, I, Rangarajan, SV, Michael, LM & McKean, EL 2022, 'Retrospective Review of Surgical Site Infections after Endoscopic Endonasal Sellar and Parasellar Surgery: Multicenter Quality Data from the North American Skull Base Society', Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base, vol. 83, no. 6, pp. 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1865-3202
Goyal, N, Hennessy, M, Lehman, E, Lin, W, Agudo, A, Ahrens, W, Boccia, S, Brennan, P, Brenner, H, Cadoni, G, Canova, C, Chen, C, Conway, D, Curado, MP, Dal Maso, L, Daudt, AW, Edefonti, V, Fabianova, E, Fernandez, L, Franceschi, S, Garavello, W, Gillison, M, Hayes, RB, Healy, C, Herrero, R, Holcatova, I, Kanda, JL, Kelsey, K, Hansen, BT, Koifman, R, Lagiou, P, La Vecchia, C, Levi, F, Li, G, Lissowska, J, Mendoza López, R, Luce, D, Macfarlane, G, Mates, D, Matsuo, K, McClean, M, Menezes, A, Menvielle, G, Morgenstern, H, Moysich, K, Negri, E, Olshan, AF, Pandics, T, Polesel, J, Purdue, M, Radoi, L, Ramroth, H, Richiardi, L, Schantz, S, Schwartz, SM, Serraino, D, Shangina, O, Smith, E, Sturgis, EM, Świątkowska, B, Thomson, P, Vaughan, TL, Vilensky, M, Winn, DM, Wunsch-Filho, V, Yu, GP, Zevallos, JP, Zhang, ZF, Zheng, T, Znaor, A, Boffetta, P, Hashibe, M, Lee, YCA & Muscat, JE 2023, 'Risk factors for head and neck cancer in more and less developed countries: Analysis from the INHANCE consortium', Oral Diseases, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1565-1578. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.14196
Benyo, S, Benn, DV, Saadi, RA, Gangai, L, Kasmire, KE, Isildak, H & Goyal, N 2022, 'Utility of Temporal Bone Computed Tomography in Pediatric Emergency Medicine', Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 238-246. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2021.11.52704
2021
Eskander, A, Sahovaler, A, Shin, J, Deutsch, K, Crowson, M, Goyal, N, Witsell, DL, Schulz, K, Gross, ND, Weber, R, Khariwala, SS, Cohen, S, CyrLee, DW & Mehta, V 2021, 'A preliminary assessment of guideline adherence and clinical variation in oral cancer treatment: a MarketScan database study', BMC Oral Health, vol. 21, no. 1, 270. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01616-x
Rosi-Schumacher, M, Shah, SJ, Craig, T & Goyal, N 2021, 'Clinical manifestations of hereditary angioedema and a systematic review of treatment options', Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 394-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.555
Pool, CD, Patel, VA, Hwang, G, Barr, J & Goyal, N 2021, 'Color Change of Intranasal Fluorescein Cannot Detect Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks', World neurosurgery, vol. 156, pp. e243-e248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.09.042
Tucker, J, Sarsfield, E, Choi, KY & Goyal, N 2021, 'Educating School Nurses about Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Associated Cancers and the Importance of HPV Vaccination', Journal of Community Health Nursing, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370016.2021.1972244
Maurer, R, McNutt, S, Daggubati, LC, Ba, DM, Liu, G, Leslie, D, Goyal, N & Zacharia, BE 2022, 'Mental health disorders in newly diagnosed non-functional pitutary adenoma under initial observation: an observational cohort study using the nationwide MarketScan database', Pituitary, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 85-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-021-01172-1
Pool, C, Goyal, N & Lighthall, JG 2022, 'Novel Use of the Buccal Fat Pad for Sinocutaneous Fistulae Closure and a Review of Reconstructive Options', Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 295-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/00034894211014299
Tjoa, T, Rathi, VK, Goyal, N, Yarlagadda, BB, Barshak, MB, Rich, DL, Emerick, KS, Lin, DT, Deschler, DG & Durand, ML 2021, 'Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and Clostridioides difficile infection following major head and neck free and pedicled flap surgeries', Oral Oncology, vol. 122, 105541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105541
Parikh, AS, Fuller, JC, Lehmann, AE, Goyal, N, Gray, ST & Lin, DT 2021, 'Prognostic Impact of Adverse Pathologic Features in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base, vol. 82, pp. E114-E119. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710516
Berger, D, Gundermann, G, Sinha, A, Moroi, M, Goyal, N & Tsai, A 2022, 'Review of aerosolized hydrogen peroxide, vaporized hydrogen peroxide, and hydrogen peroxide gas plasma in the decontamination of filtering facepiece respirators', American journal of infection control, vol. 50, no. 2, pp. 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2021.06.012
Keane, A, Goyal, N & Goldenberg, D 2021, 'Review of the Pathologies of the Nasopharynx', Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2021.01.001
Pool, C, Weaver, T, Zhu, J, Goldenberg, D & Goyal, N 2021, 'Surgical Margin Determination in the Era of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer', Laryngoscope, vol. 131, no. 10, pp. E2650-E2654. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29533
2020
Slonimsky, G, McGinn, JD, Goyal, N, Crist, H, Hennessy, M, Gagnon, E & Slonimsky, E 2020, 'A model for classification of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis by computed tomography', Scientific reports, vol. 10, no. 1, 12591. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69446-5
Bann, DV, Patel, VA, Saadi, R, Goyal, N, Gniady, JP, McGinn, JD, Goldenberg, D, Isildak, H, May, J & Wilson, MN 2020, 'Best Practice Recommendations for Pediatric Otolaryngology during the COVID-19 Pandemic', Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States), vol. 162, no. 6, pp. 783-794. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820921393
Hennessy, M, Bann, DV, Patel, VA, Saadi, R, Krempl, GA, Deschler, DG, Goyal, N & Choi, KY 2020, 'Commentary on the management of total laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic', Head and Neck, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1137-1143. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26183
Shokri, T, Saadi, RA, Liaw, J, Bann, DV, Patel, VA, Goyal, N & Lighthall, J 2020, 'Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications in craniomaxillofacial trauma and head and neck reconstruction', Annals of plastic surgery, vol. 85, no. 2S, pp. S166-S170. https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000002492
Bann, DV, Patel, VA, Saadi, R, Gniady, JP, Goyal, N, McGinn, JD & Goldenberg, D 2020, 'Impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on otolaryngologic surgery: Brief commentary', Head and Neck, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 1227-1234. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26162
Sarsfield, E, Montano, M, Choi, K & Goyal, N 2020, 'Laryngectomy Care in the COVID-19 Era', JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 146, no. 8, pp. 776. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1523
Lee, JH, Zacharia, BE, Ba, D, Leslie, D, Liu, G & Goyal, N 2020, 'Mental Health Disorders Associated with Sinonasal and Skull Base Malignancies: A Large Cohort Study', Journal of Neurological Surgery, Part B: Skull Base, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1679889
Maurer, R, Daggubati, L, Ba, DM, Liu, G, Leslie, D, Goyal, N & Zacharia, BE 2020, 'Mental health disorders in patients with untreated meningiomas: An observational cohort study using the nationwide marketscan database', Neuro-Oncology Practice, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 507-513. https://doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaa025
Patel, S, Goyal, N & Gniady, JP 2021, 'The role of ultrasound in various office-based laryngeal procedures', Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. e1-e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2020.11.001
Barr, J, Ni, J, McGinn, J & Goyal, N 2020, 'Topical intranasal fluorescein to localize a cerebrospinal fluid leak: a demonstration', American Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Medicine and Surgery, vol. 41, no. 6, 102413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102413
Patel, VA & Goyal, N 2020, 'Using a 4K-3D Exoscope for Upper Airway Stimulation Surgery: Proof-of-Concept', Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology, vol. 129, no. 7, pp. 695-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003489420905873
Pearce, W, Barr, J, Ziai, K & Goyal, N 2020, '“Cannot Intubate, Cannot Oxygenate” (CICO) rescue by emergency Front of Neck Airway (eFONA)', Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 96-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otot.2020.04.005